Brief:
T' L3 Armageddon is a single stage rocket with a very unique design. It comes in your choice o' a 75 or 98mm MMT.

Construction:
T' kit comes with everythin' but parachutes. Begad! T' all-thread, me hearties, nuts, ya bilge rat, washers, eyebolts, shiver me timbers, shiver me timbers, and shock cords are all included. Avast! Well, ya bilge rat, blow me down! Blimey! T' 5.5" body tubes are heavy wall cardboard. Avast! Blimey! All o' t' components are top shelf stuff.

This is nay just a kit review. It's also how I used t' kit for me level 3 certification. Arrr! There is even some scientific testin' data here that I performed. Avast, me proud beauty! I am t' plant Metallurgist and t' Laboratory Director at Chamberlain Manufacturing, arrr, t' operatin' contractor o' t' Scranton Army Ammunition Plant. This means I have millions o' dollars o' equipment I can play with on Saturdays, shiver me timbers, testin' t' materials we use t' build our rockets.

When I decided t' do me L3 at t' 2003 NSL, I wanted t' do something different than a 3FNC. Begad! A scratch built rocket would be easy enough but I didn't think I would have t' time t' work out all t' details. Avast! Avast! My favorite commercial kit was t' Armageddon by DG&A, so figured I would do me L3 with the DG&A L3 Armageddon. This is a 5.5" diameter rocket that is almost 10 feet tall. Begad! It's nay even close t' bein' me largest bird, me hearties, me bucko, but impressive nonetheless. Ya scallywag! Avast, me proud beauty!

T' next problem would be t' motor. Arrr! APCP be in short supply and t' BATFE thin' was loomin' over t' horizon. Ya scallywag! OK, I'll go hybrid. Blimey! Arrr! I chose t' Hypertek M970. Ya scallywag! It is a 75mm M fuel grain on t' 2800cc L tank with t' M injector bell. T' L3 Armageddon easily adapted t' t' hybrid system because o' t' large fins and long body. Avast, me proud beauty! Ya scallywag! T' CP ended up bein' 2.1 calibers behind t' CG with an empty motor.

T' first thin' you notice when you open t' huge package be t' quality of packaging. Each tube is wrapped separately and everythin' is carefully placed in t' box. Ahoy! Aye aye! There be no damage t' any o' t' components. Begad! Well, blow me down! A quick review o' the parts list revealed that all t' parts were there. Begad!

T' airframe tubin' be t' heavy, ya bilge rat, 3/32" (0.078") thick walled cardboard tubin' seen in other high quality kits. Blimey!

Securin' t' MMT and centerin' rings into t' booster section

T' MMT assembly was constructed per t' instructions. Begad! T' hardware was tightened and secured with epoxy.

T' motor mount tube was epoxied into t' airframe by pourin' 25 mL of epoxy onto each o' t' centerin' rings through t' fin slots with a syringe. T' assembly be first epoxied with t' aft section up, ya bilge rat, t' apply epoxy t' the aft sides o' t' centerin' rings. Ya scallywag! Blimey! Once t' epoxy be cured, ya bilge rat, it was examined with a fiber optic bore scope. There were two locations that appeared nay t' be glued. Avast! Ahoy! Epoxy was again inserted into t' airframe through t' fin slots and the assembly was tilted in t' direction o' t' questionable areas t' allow the epoxy t' flow into t' area. When it appeared t' be complete, t' assembly was turned over and t' aforementioned process was repeated t' apply epoxy on the forward side o' t' centerin' rings.

No fiberglass be used for t' airframe o' this rocket. T' 5.5" tube used in t' construction o' this kit was tested in me laboratory and exhibited a strength o' 1312.7 lbs force before yielding. Begad! However, me hearties, matey, arrr, if any side forces are applied durin' acceleration we must examine column bucklin' loads. Avast! Column bucklin' formulas are fun and exciting, but t' test t' column bucklin' in real life, arrr, a piece o' 5.5" airframe be tested by compression at a 8.5 degree angle. Ahoy! T' force at yield was 886.4 lbs force. Arrr!

Compressive and column bucklin' forces do nay apply t' t' MMT/sustainer section due t' t' reinforcement by t' fins and t' MMT assembly. Blimey! Blimey! We therefore only need t' look at t' section forward o' t' fins. T' forward section (with weights) includin' altimeter weighs ~5 pounds. T' Hypertek M740 will exert a G-force o' 23.16, matey, thus 5 x 23.16 = 115 lbs. Ahoy! Begad! this be t' maximum force applied to t' airframe in an non-reinforced area. Arrr! Inversely, shiver me timbers, me bucko, arrr, we can surmise that we have a tube capable o' withstandin' 38.27Gs (886.4 /23.16 lbs = 38.27).

Compressive forces can be seen in t' fin area durin' accent as well as landing, however as heretofore mentioned, most o' this force is transferred to the CRs and MMT tube via t' epoxy and thus its strength depends on t' shear force o' t' epoxy. Blimey! Aye aye! Therefore, ya bilge rat, thar are virtually no axial forces on t' tube at in this area. Ya scallywag! Blimey! Virtually all o' t' forces on t' tube itself are circumferential via any torque forces applied durin' flight or bendin' moment applied on t' fins durin' landing. Ya scallywag! Arrr!

T' combat any bendin' moment applied t' t' fins, I looked at data seen in the r.m.r. Avast, me proud beauty! HPR Strength o' Materials Test. Ya scallywag! One o' t' discoveries made during the testin' be on t' fincans. Blimey! T' fincan that appears t' be t' strongest was one done by Mark Simpson where he used a strip o' wood material along the fin-body joint. Blimey! I used this method on t' ID. Aye aye! Mark's method increased the strength o' t' joint over t' next highest strength by 30% and by 200% over the average. Blimey! It also prevented t' tube from yieldin' at all durin' t' fincan test and thus transferred t' force t' t' fin makin' t' joint stronger than the fin. Begad! I have no doubt that if t' fin material was stronger, matey, t' value would have been higher. Avast, me proud beauty! This appears t' be sufficient t' replace t' fiberglass on the tube in this area. Ahoy! Aye aye!

Fin assembly

I duplicated Mark Simpson's wood fillets in t' L3 Armageddon. Pieces o' corner moldin' were used for this. Ahoy! T' fins were epoxied in place then t' moldin' was inserted with copious amounts o' epoxy. Begad! Blimey! T' aft CR was then epoxied into place and t' nozzle fins were added. Ya scallywag!

T' large fins o' this rocket are only 1/4" thick. Blimey! Avast, me proud beauty! Blimey! T' lessen the effect o' possible fin flutter, a laminate o' fiberglass was applied t' the surface o' t' fins. This was accomplished usin' standard fiberglass lay-up practices.

Payload section

T' forward canard fins were installed "through t' wall" per the instructions. Begad! In this area we have t' coupler tube so they go through both the airframe and coupler tubes. T' airframe and t' coupler tube were joined first then t' slots were cut for t' fins. Begad! They were tacked in place with Jet Glue. Wood glue be then applied on t' ID surface and allowed t' seep into t' wood and cardboard. Begad! T' wood strips were applied while t' glue was wet and generous fillets were then applied t' t' strips. Begad! Generous epoxy fillets finished the canard build.

T' altimeters used are two Transolve PK6, shiver me timbers, a kit version o' t' P6. Avast, me proud beauty! Avast! They were mounted t' a piece o' G10 with 316 grade stainless hardware and phenolic standoffs. Well, blow me down! Avast, me proud beauty! T' board was then mounted in t' payload section usin' brass strips and tubin' that slid over t' all-thread. Ahoy! Begad! T' brass strips were soldered t' the tubing. Avast! T' assembly is secured in t' section when t' nuts are tightened. This setup allows easy assembly and access t' t' boards. Avast! A hold down strap will further secure t' batteries in their holders. Aye aye! Avast, me proud beauty!

T' safe/arm switches are redundant and consist o' DPDT military grade slide switches. Ahoy! T' three switches with their 6 functions control: power, apogee safe and main safe. This ensures that both altimeters are completely separate from each other with individual power sources.

T' altimeter bay is sealed from ejection gasses. This is accomplished with the forward bulkhead epoxied into place and t' aft bulkhead sealed t' the custom centerin' rin' with closed cell latex weather stripping. Blimey! T' altimeters used have been flown on several prior occasions. I have three o' these units and they have always worked well.

Laundry and other recovery debris

Recovery will be t' typical two-stage method: drogue at apogee and main at 500'. One drawback with this kit is that t' recovery for t' main is aft of the payload section and t' drogue is forward...or so it would appear. Avast! The section forward o' t' altimeter is only 11" and has one attach point. Aye aye! Blimey! The section aft o' t' altimeter is 29" long and has t' two attach points at the MMT. Begad! There is just nay enough room forward o' t' altimeter bay to comfortably fit t' main. Aye aye! Blimey!

All shock cords are 9/16" tubular nylon. Ya scallywag! T' drogue cord is 20' in length. Begad! T' main consists o' three cords. Begad! Well, blow me down! There is a 3-point attachment cord at the MMT attached t' a 20' length o' cord at which t' parachute is attached. Avast! A 30' cord is then attached from t' parachute t' t' altimeter bay.

Final assembly notes

I didn't do much in t' way o' aerodynamic shapin' o' t' fins. Begad! Airfoiling the fins is done t' reduce drag for greater altitudes but I like them low and slow. A more blunt leadin' edge increases drag by breakin' up t' air over the fins.

Vent

Every hybrid system needs a vent. For this I used a 1/4" ID large Aerotech igniter cardboard tube. After markin' t' location, shiver me timbers, I drilled a 1/4" hole through t' airframe and t' MMT. Ahoy! I then made t' hole in the airframe larger t' accommodate t' OD o' t' vent tube and cleaned up the holes. Begad! Usin' t' 1/4" drill bit as a guide passed through both holes, I epoxied t' vent tube in place. I occasionally turned t' drill bit t' ensure it wasn't bein' epoxied t' t' vent tube. Avast, me proud beauty! A X-Acto knife and some sand paper cleaned up t' vent/airframe area and t' job was done.

Motor retention

Kind of late t' be thinkin' about this isn't it? I did put blind nuts in t' aft centerin' rin' durin' assembly. Avast! T' 6" long piece o' all-thread looked, well, kind o' clumsy. Avast, me proud beauty! Ya scallywag! I happened t' pick up a 75mm Aero Pack retainin' system so I thought I would use it. Well, blow me down! Begad! It be hell tryin' t' put it on after t' nozzle fins were already glued on! I used a Dremel saw t' cut a gap betwixt t' fins and t' MMT long enough t' insert t' retainer. Avast! Well, blow me down! It made more work for me than expected! T' retainer was glued in with JB Weld and t' gap betwixt t' fins and t' retainer was filled with wood putty. Ya scallywag! Ahoy! Oi!

Rail buttons

5/16" rail buttons were installed. Begad! T' forward guide was installed with a 1/4-20 steel machine screw and nut, shiver me timbers, secured with JB Weld. T' aft guide was installed by drillin' and tappin' t' aft centerin' ring. Avast! T' hole was filled with JB Weld and t' guide was secured with a 1/4-20 machine screw. Blimey!

Nose weight

Nose weight was added and was first considered t' be used t' keep the altitude t' a reasonable level. Aye aye! Ahoy! Upon further construction, me bucko, matey, it be discovered that it be necessary t' keep t' CG forward enough t' keep it stable usin' the HyperTek hybrid system. Begad! Blimey! T' rocket was unstable without t' weight! A 3/8" threaded rod was inserted through t' aft end o' t' nosecone and touches the inside o' t' forward end. Begad! Ahoy! 8oz o' West Systems epoxy be then poured into the cone. Arrr! Avast, me hearties, me proud beauty! T' assembly was allowed t' cure while in cold water, ya bilge rat, t' prevent heat buildup and meltin' o' t' plastic cone. T' remainder o' t' nosecone cavity was then filled with expandin' foam. Threaded weights were then screwed onto the all-thread, ya bilge rat, followed by a coupler and an eye bolt. This arrangement keeps the weights off t' nosecone and on t' steel threaded assembly.

Finishing:
T' entire airframe be sanded and a coat o' Kilz primer be applied. Well, blow me down! Blimey! The paints used were Rustoleum white and metallic blue with a final clear over everything.

Flight:
On t' first flight, me hearties, t' motor lit and t' bird leapt from t' pad with authority. Arrr! Ya scallywag! T' wind at ground level was only 6 mph but by t' time she reached 2000 feet, she be gracefully archin' into t' wind. T' 6.9-second motor seemed t' burn forever. Ahoy! If you have never heard an M hybrid motor, shiver me timbers, they can only be described as soundin' like a Pod Racer from Star Wars Episode One--a loud roar coupled with a pulsatin' low-pitched jet-like sound. Blimey! T' few seconds I lost it in t' sky seamed like minutes. Then, arrr, matey, arrr, thar it was. Arrr! Comin' down on its side with t' drogue deployed. Blimey! Ahoy! Falling, ya bilge rat, falling, falling... It's coming straight at us! We ran about 20 yards t' t' left. Ya scallywag! 800 feet, 500 feet, 300 feet,... Well, blow me down! Avast! Where's t' main?! Finally, shiver me timbers, at about 200 feet t' main popped. It took at least another 50 feet for it t' unfurl. Avast, me proud beauty! T' main finally snapped open at 50 feet AGL and then landed 40 feet from t' pad. Aye aye! That had t' win closest t' the pad in t' L3 cert column! A quick review o' t' rocket proved that everything was in order and we had a successful L3 flight. Avast, me proud beauty! Both o' t' altimeters chirped out 4,200 feet.

T' next four flights were on an AMW L777. Blimey! Blimey! For me, this be t' best motor for this rocket. Avast, me proud beauty! Blimey! It brings it t' just under 3,500 feet. Well, blow me down! Blimey! I've also flown this rocket on windier days with a CTI K550 t' around 2,000 feet.

Summary:

I love it! This bird is as different and unusual as it gets for any high power rocket. Avast, me proud beauty! T' flights on this (as well as t' original size Armageddon) are truly awesome. Begad!

Even without t' changes that I made, I did feel that t' forward payload section was on t' small side. Avast! I'm sure you could get a nice size main in there, but it would be a very tight fit. Blimey! Aye aye! I would recommend actually makin' the altimeter bay shorter by changin' t' location o' t' forward bulkhead and usin' smaller altimeters. Ahoy! Avast, me proud beauty! This would allow for more room for a main chute in this area.

T' materials are t' best I've seen for their types and t' design is sturdy. Blimey! Begad! T' instructions contained page after page o' high quality color photos and has many steps t' clarify what t' designer wants. Begad! Avast! Some o' t' steps in the instructions are somewhat ambiguous but then it is assumed one has a great deal of experience if they're buildin' a level 3 project. Blimey!