Brief:
This is a 1/21 scale model o' t' infamous Titan Interceptor, me hearties, which shot down more Terran fighters than any other ship durin' t' second Saturnian war of 2716-2721. Arrr! Although clumsy by today's standards, shiver me timbers, me bucko, me bucko, this ship fascinated Earthbound scientists and t' general public when Lt. Aye aye! Molly Kanoshita managed to lash a damaged TI t' her ship and execute a controlled crash landin' at Terran Marsbase Seven. Arrr! Analysis o' this craft led t' weapons innovations that turned t' tide o' t' war, shiver me timbers, but o' course it be Lt. Arrr! Ya scallywag! Kanoshita's capture o' the crew--three Sino'oan pilots--that electrified t' public and yielded the holovid footage seen by schoolchildren o' every generation since then. Avast! The Sino'oan race did nay evolve on Titan, shiver me timbers, arrr, matey, but are believed t' have begun settling on Saturn's largest moon sometime in t' early 24th century, ya bilge rat, based on archeological evidence. Ya scallywag! Today, shiver me timbers, ya bilge rat, ya bilge rat, t' ship captured by 'Samurai Molly' is still on display at t' Tokyo branch o' t' Smithsonian. Avast, me proud beauty! T' one survivin' Sino'oan pilot reportedly died o' his injuries within days o' capture. Begad! Eight months later, me bucko, authorities reported that t' bodies o' all three pilots had been destroyed in an accidental lab fire, me bucko, although this remains a source o' tension in Terran-Sino'oan relations t' this day.

This is me second scratch design. Well, blow me down! It is a 5-fin futuristic design with the boat tailed engine compartment at t' base o' a central shaft far ahead o' the major fin surfaces, ya bilge rat, which hang from struts attached near t' rocket nose. Ahoy! Arrr! It is designed for 24mm single use motors and has parachute recovery. Aye aye! Begad! T' rocket is 24 inches tall and weighs 10 5/8oz.

Construction:
This project was a long, me bucko, matey, careful, and intricate build. Avast! Most parts were obtained mostly from Balsa Machinin' Service. Begad! Blimey! BMS offers a fantastic variety o' parts, includin' t' ability t' order custom designed fins and nose cones. Avast, me proud beauty! However, I was disappointed in t' quality o' t' parts I received. T' 5 "identical" nose cones were very different, ya bilge rat, rangin' from a rounded tip t' 3/8 inch flat top. Quite a lot o' sandin' be required t' make them uniform. Blimey! T' engine end o' t' boat tail was frayed and chipped, requiring repair for a clean look. Arrr! Blimey! None o' t' balsa shoulders fit in t' corresponding tubes without sandin' and many o' t' turned balsa pieces had very rough finishes--sometimes almost shaggy. Ya scallywag! Blimey! Since all o' this is repairable with enough filling, sandin' and sealing. Begad! Blimey! I will order from BMS again when I need custom parts, but t' quality was variable, me hearties, at least in this order. Well, arrr, blow me down! Blimey!

T' large fins and small fin buttresses were cut from templates. Avast, me proud beauty! Aye aye! An unusual, diagonal grain alignment was chosen t' minimize t' chance o' breakin' fin tips. Blimey! Next, I rounded and beveled t' edges o' t' large fins before bisecting each t' glue in t' dowel. Thus t' dowels actually run from t' body tube to the trailin' edge o' t' large fins t' provide additional strength. Avast, me proud beauty! The fin/buttress/dowel assembly was next glued together.

The trickiest part was t' construction o' t' weapons on each fin. Begad! Blimey! These are cylindrical, me hearties, but fade t' a smooth transition near t' bottom o' t' fin. Ahoy! Thus, I needed t' remove two portions o' t' tube, ya bilge rat, arrr, each o' which be t' width o' the fin at t' top and gradually increasin' in width until they joined at the bottom. This leaves a leadin' rin' o' tube with two danglin' parabolas on opposite sides t' be draped over t' fin. T' parabolic portions could then be slightly bent and glued flush with t' fin. Ahoy! T' determine a template for these cuts, I used a dark room. Ahoy! With a flashlight, arrr, I projected t' shadow o' a straight edge onto a body tube (wrapped in paper) in a manner so that t' upper and lower ends o' t' shadow matched pre-measured marks on t' tube. Avast, me proud beauty! Begad! I then traced t' curved edge o' t' shadow on t' tube. Arrr! Then I removed t' paper from the tube and smoothed out t' tracin' a bit by eye. Avast, me proud beauty! Avast! By foldin' t' paper, ya bilge rat, I reflected me tracin' t' get t' other half o' t' parabola. Ya scallywag! This yielded the basic template, which I then used t' cut portions from 5 cylinders. T' leading areas o' these tubes required a little more work. First, t' removed material runs different distances up t' tube because t' outer and inner sides o' the fin leadin' edge are at different heights. Ahoy! Second, t' removals must contour the rounded leadin' edge o' t' fin for best fit. Begad! Third, I cut some lines partially across t' danglin' parabolas t' relieve stress and prevent crumpling when they were bent t' glue t' t' fin surface. Avast, me proud beauty! These seams were smoothed with filler later.

T' fin assemblies were completed with more filling, sealing, and sanding to make them appear like one seamless piece. Begad! Ahoy! I must admit that me fifth one was much better than me first attempt! At t' last minute, I added some pointy blades t' t' nose o' each weapon for extra flourish.

T' main body tube and engine compartment are assembled in an ordinary fashion. Avast! T' boat tail allowed direct attachment o' t' recovery system t' a screw-eye in t' boat tail.

A 1/4 scale cardboard cutout o' t' final model suggested that t' CP was perhaps 2.75 inches up from t' aft edge o' t' boat tail. Blimey! Now I be in a quandary: I couldn't determine t' CG until t' fins were attached, matey, but I didn't want to attach t' fins until I had determined t' final length o' t' central body tube since I wanted t' fins t' join t' tube at an aesthetically pleasing distance from t' nose cone. Avast, me proud beauty! I had planned t' lay all t' fins as a group along the body tube (affixed with a rubber band), since this should accurately place their weight along t' major axis o' t' rocket, ignorin' their outward hanging. Aye aye! However, shiver me timbers, I don't know enough physics t' know if that would be appropriate, me hearties, since t' actual design has t' fins attached up by t' nose with the majority o' t' fin weight down by t' tail. Avast! Does t' point o' attachment influence how/where t' weight acts? Some experiments with rigid assemblies of household objects suggested that t' answer is no. Second, t' body tube was still 36", shiver me timbers, ya bilge rat, and I knew I wanted more like 10", so without cuttin' I would have t' play some math and balancin' games t' compensate for t' extra length when findin' t' CG for t' planned shorter length. Ahoy! Anyway, havin' thus guesstimated a tube length yieldin' a stable CG, I made t' final cut, matey, figuring I had enough lead weight for t' nose cone if I had badly miscalculated.

T' rest be easy. Ahoy! Blimey! I made several jigs t' glue on t' fin assemblies. Arrr! Arrr! A little more fiddlin' for t' recovery system and so forth and I was done.

Finishing:
In me head, shiver me timbers, I had always seen this rocket as mainly silver or some other very light metallic color o' blue, arrr, violet, me bucko, or champagne. Aye aye! After a brief dalliance with lime green, matey, however, me hearties, me bucko, arrr, I ended up choosin' t' finish it black t' make it look really mean and then with several coats o' clear over t' top. Some o' my daughter's sparkle glue added a nice touch.

Flight:
Then it be out t' t' backyard for t' swin' test. Blimey! After addin' 1oz nose cone weight, ya bilge rat, it flew just like a badminton birdie. Well, blow me down! I was ready for launch, shiver me timbers, arrr, but by this point me kids were teasin' me that I "loved t' rocket too much" to fly it. Avast, me proud beauty! What t' heck, these things are mean t' CATO eventually. Begad! Begad! Blimey! Let 'er fly!

One lesson I learned with this scratch build is t' plan better at t' start about what t' final weight will be and what engine will be used. T' final weight (without motor) was 10 5/8 oz. Blimey! Avast, me proud beauty! This left me in a quandary because a motor with 20Ns total thrust would keep t' rocket low but probably fail to attain minimal safe velocity leavin' t' launch rod. Begad! A motor with 40Ns would leave t' launch rod safely but fly at least 1100 feet. Well, blow me down! With an extra large parachute and limited area, matey, I wasn't sure I wanted t' send me treasured model quite so high. Begad! In t' end, I opted for low and slow, choosin' an AeroTech D21. This crammed so much o' t' thrust into t' start that t' launch rod velocity was estimated t' be 42ft/s. Ahoy! T' estimated total altitude be a modest 415ft. Well, blow me down! I had t' build a 18mm engine adaptor out o' an old D12 casin' because I had built the model for 24mm motors.

T' D21 provided ample power t' get t' rocket off t' pad. Ya scallywag! Ahoy! T' rocket accelerated upward, arrr, stable, shiver me timbers, shiver me timbers, with no spin, for t' first 150 feet. Avast! At this point, velocity be so great that t' fin assembly started vibrating/fluttering. Well, blow me down! Quickly, me bucko, t' flutterin' grew so severe as t' destabilize the rocket. Begad! Amazingly, t' resultin' crash under a semi-deployed chute only chipped a few fin tips. (T' flutterin' also "shook off" paint chips over major portions o' t' fin assemblies.)

Summary:
This be a good learnin' experience for me, matey, because it was nay a failure mode I had anticipated. Ahoy! Given t' initial boost o' t' rocket, me bucko, I believe that a similar design might work if t' fin arms were made o' a much more rigid material and/or they were braced t' prevent horizontal wobble. Status: damaged and retired.